The Victorian coroner has found the 2018 stabbing attack that killed Melbourne cafe icon Sisto Malaspina was a terror attack.
On November 9, 2018, Hassan Khalif Shire Ali parked his ute on Bourke Street and set it alight.
Over the next 19 seconds, he stabbed three people, killing Mr Malaspina, before he was shot dead by police.
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Today the attack was ruled a premeditated act of terrorism.
State coroner John Cain found Shire Ali was motivated by his allegiance to Islamic State when he carried out the stabbing spree.
Shire Ali was a national security person of interest at the time and his criminal behaviour was escalating in the lead-up to the rampage.
The coroner was critical of Victoria Police's Security Intelligence Unit, finding that its "deficient" policies may have led to missed opportunities to prevent the attack.
Today, Victoria Police Chief Commissioner Shane Patton said the force was reviewing procedures.
"We've had an independent review in regards to the way we share information, and we are confident that independent review has taken us forward," he said.
The coroner said while the actions of one man intended to intimidate and harm, the actions of others on Bourke Street that day demonstrated the opposite.
Mr Cain praised the bravery of bystanders like Rod Patterson.
The Tasmanian tourist was the first person stabbed when he tried to help Shire Ali after his ute caught fire.
Shire Ali then stabbed a security guard and Mr Malaspina - the much-loved owner of the iconic Pellegrini's Cafe who died at the scene.
The police use of lethal force was found to be justified in the circumstances.
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The coroner commended the officer's restraint in a volatile situation.
The officer who shot Shire Ali had only graduated from the academy five months earlier.
Among the key recommendations from the coroner is more collaboration between intelligence agencies and a renewed focus on deradicalisation programs.
The findings have been handed down on the eve of Mr Malaspina's birthday.
He would have turned 77 tomorrow.
