After years-long discussion, birds in North America will no longer be named after people, a decision meant to dissociate the animals from problematic eponyms.
The American Ornithological Society (AOS) announced that all common English-language names of bird species named after people will be changed, along with other monikers that have been deemed offensive.
In total, approximately 70 to 80 birds — primarily in the US and Canada — will be renamed.
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"There is power in a name, and some English bird names have associations with the past that continue to be exclusionary and harmful today," said Colleen Handel, president of the AOS.
Many birds sport names that come from White men with "objectively horrible pasts", according to the group Bird Names for Birds, a grassroots initiative that has been advocating for this change.
Having their names memorialised in this manner is similar to building a statue in their honour, the group argues.
The Hammond's flycatcher, for example, is named for William Alexander Hammond, a former US surgeon general and head of the nation's public health system. Hammond held racist views toward both Black and Indigenous people, writing that Black people specifically were of "little elevated in mental or physical faculties above the monkey of an organ grinder."
Judith Scarl, the executive director of AOS, said that there has long been historic bias in how birds have been named, and scientists should work to eliminate that bias.
"Exclusionary naming conventions developed in the 1800s, clouded by racism and misogyny, don't work for us today, and the time has come for us to transform this process and redirect the focus to the birds, where it belongs," she said.
Though efforts toward renaming birds existed before, the movement gained momentum in 2020, in the midst of large-scale cultural upheaval surrounding racist or otherwise offensive names, including those of sports teams and school buildings.
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That same year, Christian Cooper, a Black birdwatcher, made headlines after a White woman called the police on him, highlighting some of the prejudices Black people face in the outdoors.
In 2021, the AOS announced an ad-hoc committee to make recommendations regarding these common English names. The committee was formed in 2022 and released its guidance earlier this year.
Wednesday's move by the AOS is in response to those recommendations, and the renaming project is set to begin next year.
